| Title | Publication | Date/Location |
|---|---|---|
| Engaging military couples in marital research: Does requesting referrals from service members to recruit their spouses introduce sample bias? | BMC Medical Research Methodology | 2018 Oct;18(1):114 |
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McMaster HS, Stander VA, Williams CS, Woodall KA, O'Malley CA, Bauer LM, Davila EP Enrolling couples in research studies is not uncommon; however, most research reports fail to provide details about recruitment strategies or have the ability to examine selection biases. This paper examined two recruitment strategies used to enroll military couples in a longitudinal study, assessing the impact of both strategies on the representativeness of the final study sample. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Program, results suggest that requesting referrals from service members to recruit their spouses introduced minimal bias compared to contacting spouses directly. Service members appeared to be more likely to refer their spouses if they perceived the research topic as relevant to their spouse, and these spouses were more likely to respond for similar reasons. Even though referred spouses were more likely to respond, the overall success rate of using a referral strategy was less than that of recruiting spouses directly. |
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| Association of military life experiences and health indicators among military spouses | BMC Public Health | 2019 Nov;19(1):1517 |
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Corry NH, Radakrishnan S, Williams CS, Sparks AC, Woodall KA, Fairbank JA, Stander VA The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which military spouses' health behaviors met national physical health goals (Healthy People 2020), and to assess associations between health behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics, military experiences, and psychosocial factors. Attainment of national health goals was measured using six indicators of health: 1) healthy weight (body mass index), 2) aerobic exercise, 3) strength training, 4) sleep, 5) alcohol use (risky drinking), and 6) tobacco use. Overall, the majority of military spouses and service members met most of the HP2020 goals analyzed in the study, and the behaviors of each member of the couple were moderately correlated. Greater social support and perceived support from the military, in addition to several demographic variables, were associated with a greater likelihood of meeting the Healthy People 2020 goals among military spouses. |
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| Pre- and perinatal risk factors for child maltreatment in military families across the first two years of life. | Child Maltreatment | 2022 April; 1-12 |
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Sullivan, K., Richardson, S., Ross, A., Cederbaum, J., Pflieger, J., Abramovitz, L., Bukowinski, A., & Stander, V. Military families are exposed to a unique constellation of risk factors, which may impact maltreatment outcomes. The present study examined prospective relationships between demographic, health, birth-related, and military-specific risk factors identified prior to a child’s birth on their risk for maltreatment in the first two years of life. |
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| Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the United States military spouses: The Millennium Cohort Family Study | Depression and Anxiety | 2018 Sep;35(9):815-829 |
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Steenkamp MM, Corry NH, Qian M, Li M, McMaster HS, Fairbank JA, Stander VA, Hollahan L, Marmar CR This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of eight mental health conditions in spouses of U.S. Service members with 2 to 5 years of service and the association between deployment status and spousal outcomes, as well as concordance in psychopathology between spouses and Service members. Over one-third of spouses met criteria for at least one of the assessed psychiatric conditions. Having a partner who deployed with combat resulted in higher prevalence of anxiety, insomnia and somatization. Rates of depression, anxiety and somatization were similar between spouses and Service members. |
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| Depression among military spouses: Demographic, military, and service member psychological health risk factors | Depression and Anxiety | 2018 Dec;35(12):1137-1144 |
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Donoho CJ, LeardMann CA, O’Malley CA, Walter KH, Riviere LA, Curry JF, Adler AB In this study, 4.9% of military spouses had a probable diagnosis of major depression disorder (MDD). Spouses married to enlisted service members or those with PTSD had increased risk for MDD, after adjustment for demographic and military factors. Less education, unemployment, and prior military service among spouses, as well as having more than three children, were also associated with increased risk for MDD. These findings imply that deployment alone may not negatively impact military spouses, but rather adverse mental health of the service member, especially PTSD, may increase the risk for MDD among military spouses. |
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| Reducing the length of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support | European Journal of Psychological Assessment | 2020 Sep;36(5):829-838 |
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Porter B, Kolaja CA, Powell TM, Pflieger JC, Stander VA, Armenta RA This study establishes the utility and validity of a shortened version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Using data from the first follow-up survey of the Millennium Cohort Family Study and a sample of university undergraduate students, results demonstrated that a scale half the length of the original measure (six items) assessed perceived social support about equally well as the full length MSPSS. Therefore, future Millennium Cohort and Millennium Cohort Family Study questionnaires will contain the reduced measure, saving participants time without sacrificing data quality. |
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| Gender differences in marital and military predictors of service member career satisfaction. | Family Relations | 2022 May; 1-23 |
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Street, T., Lewin, A., Woodall, K., Cruz-Cano, R., Thoma, M., & Stander, V. A. U.S. servicewomen may face unique military experiences unlike those of servicemen, and stressors can affect their satisfaction with the military. Understanding factors influencing satisfaction among the increasing number of U.S. servicewomen in the U.S. military is important for retention. This study increases our understanding of the influence military and family stressors have on service members' satisfaction with the military. It also reveals gender differences in military satisfaction and recommends strategies to address the needs of diverse military families. |
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| Influence of family factors on service members' decisions to leave the military. | Family Relations | 2022 August; 1-20 |
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Woodall, K., Esquivel, A., Powell, T., Riviere, L., Amoroso, P., & Stander, V. A. Service member retention is a crucial aspect in maintaining and advancing the U.S. military and its mission. To increase retention, it is important to understand why active duty personnel voluntarily leave while they are still highly qualified. For married service members, spouses likely influence the decision to stay or leave military service. The current study used data from the Millennium Cohort Family Study for 4,539 dyads comprising service members and their spouses to investigate family predictors of voluntary military separation. |
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| Guidance for use of weights: An analysis of different types of weights and their implications when using SAS PROCs. | General Psychiatry | 2019 Feb 20;32(1):e100038 |
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Richardson, S., Lin, T., Li, Y., Niu, X., Xu, M., Stander, V., & Tu, X. SAS and other popular statistical packages provide support for survey data with sampling weights. For example, PROC MEANS and PROC LOGISTIC in SAS have their counterparts PROC SURVEYMEANS and PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC to facilitate analysis of data from complex survey studies. On the other hand, PROC MEANS and many other classic SAS procedures also provide an option for including weights and yield identical point estimates, but different standard errors (SEs), as their corresponding survey procedures. This paper takes an in-depth look at different types of weights and provides guidance on use of different SAS procedures. |
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| The Millennium Cohort Family Study: A prospective evaluation of the health and well-being of military service members and their families | International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research | 2014 Sep;23(3):320-30 |
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Crum-Cianflone NF, Fairbank JA, Marmar CR, Schlenger W The Millennium Cohort Family Study is the largest prospective, epidemiologic study of military families in US history, and includes dyads of service members and their spouses. This paper provides a comprehensive description of this landmark study including details of the research objectives, study methodology, survey instrument, ancillary data sets, and plans for dissemination of research findings. The Family Study offers a unique opportunity to define the challenges that military families experience and advance the understanding of protective factors that will benefit military families today and into the future. |
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